Collecting maps is a hobby that combines history, geography, art, and exploration. Maps, whether ancient or modern, serve as windows into the past, offering insights into how people understood and navigated their world. From rare 16th-century cartographic masterpieces to 20th-century tourist maps, each map tells a unique story, reflecting the knowledge, politics, and culture of its time. This guide will help you explore the world of map collecting, including the types of maps to collect, where to find them, and tips for building a meaningful and valuable collection.
There are many compelling reasons to collect maps:
Historical Significance: Maps are historical documents that reflect how people viewed their world at different times. They show the development of geographical knowledge, exploration, colonization, and political boundaries. Collecting maps allows enthusiasts to study and preserve these pieces of history.
Artistic Value: Many maps are works of art, featuring intricate details, beautiful illustrations, and decorative elements. Antique maps, in particular, are known for their ornate cartouches, compass roses, and hand-colored embellishments that make them visually stunning.
Educational and Geographic Interest: Collecting maps enhances one's understanding of geography, history, and cartography. Maps reveal how geographic knowledge evolved, the routes taken by explorers, and the shifting boundaries of countries and empires.
Personal Connection: Some collectors are drawn to maps that reflect their heritage, places they have lived, or regions they have traveled to. Maps can serve as mementos, commemorating personal experiences and interests.
Investment Potential: Certain rare and historically significant maps can increase in value over time. Maps by renowned cartographers, depicting important historical events or made in limited editions, are particularly valuable.
Map collecting offers a wide range of options, each with its unique appeal. Here are some popular categories:
Antique Maps: These are maps created before the 20th century, often hand-drawn or printed using traditional methods such as woodcuts, engravings, or lithography. Antique maps are prized for their age, craftsmanship, and historical context.
+Early Modern Maps (15th-18th Century): Maps from the Age of Discovery, such as those by Ptolemy, Gerardus Mercator, or Abraham Ortelius, which depict early explorations and the expanding world view of Europeans.
+18th and 19th Century Maps: Maps created during the Enlightenment and colonial periods, which reflect advances in scientific knowledge and exploration. They often feature detailed geographic, political, and cultural information.
+Hand-Colored Maps: Many antique maps were hand-colored after printing, making each one unique. The color adds visual appeal and can increase the map's value.
Thematic Maps: These maps focus on specific themes or topics, such as population distribution, climate, trade routes, or historical events. Examples include:
+Military Maps: Maps used for planning or depicting military campaigns, battles, or fortifications. These maps often include detailed topographical features and strategic locations.
+Exploration Maps: Maps created by or for explorers, showing uncharted territories, routes taken, and discoveries made. Examples include maps from the expeditions of Captain James Cook or Lewis and Clark.
+Cultural and Historical Maps: Maps that depict cultural, linguistic, or religious distributions, such as maps of indigenous peoples or historical maps of ancient civilizations.
City and Regional Maps: Maps that focus on specific cities, regions, or countries. These maps can be highly detailed and are often collected for their depiction of urban development, historical changes, or local landmarks.
+Town Plans: Detailed maps of cities or towns, often showing streets, buildings, and notable landmarks. Town plans from the 16th to 19th centuries are particularly collectible.
+Regional Maps: Maps that cover a specific area, such as a state, province, or country. These maps may reflect political boundaries, geographic features, or regional histories.
Transport and Navigation Maps: Maps used for travel and navigation, including sea charts, road maps, and railway maps.
+Sea Charts (Nautical Charts): Maps used by sailors for navigation, showing coastlines, depths, and hazards. These maps are valued for their accuracy and detail.
+Railway Maps: Maps depicting railway lines, stations, and connections. Popular in the 19th and early 20th centuries, these maps offer insight into the expansion of rail travel and commerce.
+Road Maps: Maps designed for motorists, showing roads, routes, and points of interest. Road maps from the early days of automobile travel are particularly collectible.
Modern Maps and Cartographic Art: Contemporary maps created using modern techniques, often reflecting current events, artistic styles, or technological advancements.
+Artistic and Decorative Maps: Modern maps created as decorative items, often featuring unique designs, unusual perspectives, or artistic embellishments.
+Digital and GIS Maps: Maps created using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, which provide detailed and interactive geographical information. Some collectors focus on digital prints or unique visualizations of geographic data.
Starting a map collection can be an exciting and rewarding experience. Here’s how to get started:
Choose Your Focus: Decide on the type or category of maps you want to collect. Are you interested in antique maps of your local area, thematic maps depicting historical events, or nautical charts? Defining your focus will help you build a cohesive and meaningful collection.
Educate Yourself: Learn about the history, types, and makers of maps. Study books, visit libraries, attend map fairs, join collector groups, and explore online resources to gain knowledge and expertise. Understanding the different styles, materials, and periods will help you identify valuable pieces and make informed decisions.
Understand Value Factors: The value of a map is influenced by factors such as rarity, age, condition, cartographer, and historical significance. Familiarize yourself with these factors to assess the value of maps accurately. For example, maps by renowned cartographers like Gerardus Mercator or Abraham Ortelius are often more valuable than those by lesser-known makers.
Start Small and Build Gradually: Begin with more affordable pieces to gain experience and confidence. As you become more knowledgeable, you can invest in higher-value items. Focus on quality and condition, and look for pieces that fit well within your chosen area of interest.
Know the Market: Study the market for collectible maps to understand pricing trends and availability. Monitor online auctions, collector forums, and price guides to stay informed about market values and popular types.
There are several places to find collectible maps:
Map Fairs and Shows: Attending map fairs and shows is a great way to find new pieces, meet other collectors, and learn more about your area of interest. Many dealers and experts showcase their collections at these events, providing opportunities to purchase rare and high-quality maps.
Antique Shops and Fairs: Local antique shops and fairs often have a selection of maps, particularly antique and vintage ones. These venues can be great places to find unique and valuable items.
Estate Sales and Auctions: Estate sales and auctions can offer rare and high-quality maps. Look for reputable auction houses and be prepared to research and bid strategically.
Online Marketplaces and Auctions: Websites such as those found through the ICA feature a wide range of maps. Ensure you buy from reputable sellers, and request detailed information and photographs of the items.
Libraries and Archives: Some libraries and archives sell duplicate or deaccessioned maps. They may also hold map fairs or special sales, offering unique opportunities to acquire rare or valuable pieces.
Specialty Map Dealers: Seek out dealers and shops that specialize in maps. These experts can offer valuable insights, appraisals, and access to rare and high-quality maps.
When considering a purchase always practice due diligence. Once ready to begin your hunt, you can start with ICA Certified Retailers, the ICA Marketplace offered through the International Collectors Association (ICA), enthusiast websites, dealers, auctions, and various events like conventions, shows, and expos. Many of the most reputable resources are located in our resource Directory.
Here are some essential tips for building and maintaining a valuable map collection:
Buy Quality Over Quantity: Focus on acquiring high-quality maps in good condition. A few well-chosen pieces are often more valuable and satisfying than a large number of lower-quality items.
Research Provenance and Authenticity: Verify the authenticity and provenance of maps before purchasing. Look for maker’s marks, stamps, or signatures, and seek documentation that can provide information about the map’s origin and history.
Proper Storage and Display: Store your maps in a safe, controlled environment to prevent damage. Use archival materials like acid-free paper, mylar sleeves, and protective folders. Avoid exposing maps to direct sunlight, humidity, or extreme temperatures.
Regular Cleaning and Maintenance: Handle your maps carefully and clean them regularly to maintain their appearance and value. If necessary, consider professional restoration or conservation for delicate or valuable items.
Network with Other Collectors: Join collector groups, clubs, and online forums to connect with other enthusiasts. Networking can provide opportunities to learn, trade, and find new sources for collectible maps.
Here are some common mistakes to avoid when collecting maps:
Overpaying for Damaged or Inauthentic Items: Ensure you understand the market value of maps and avoid overpaying for items with damage or questionable authenticity. Always research and verify before purchasing.
Ignoring Condition: Condition is crucial for the value of maps. Avoid items with significant damage, such as tears, stains, or fading, unless they are exceptionally rare or valuable. Look for pieces in good condition with minimal wear.
Neglecting Proper Care: Improper storage and handling can lead to damage and deterioration. Follow proper care and maintenance guidelines to preserve the quality and value of your collection.
Buying Without Research: Make informed decisions by researching the history, value, and authenticity of maps. Avoid impulsive purchases without understanding their significance and market value.
Collecting maps is a rewarding journey that celebrates the intersection of history, geography, and art. Each map offers a glimpse into the past, reflecting the knowledge, culture, and politics of its time. Whether you’re drawn to antique sea charts, historical thematic maps, or contemporary cartographic art, building a map collection allows you to explore the world in a unique and meaningful way.
Collecting maps offers a unique opportunity to explore the rich tapestry of history, geography, and artistry. By understanding the types of maps, knowing where to find them, and learning how to assess their value, you can build a collection that brings both joy and appreciation for the art of mapmaking. Enjoy the journey, and happy collecting!
